The+Cold+War

Date: 1945-1970 By: Martha Heinrich, Emily Meyer, and Taylor Christensen



1) ** Capital **-ready supply of money to invest in the new industrial machines and factories 2)** Entrepreneur **-very rich British people interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profit 3) ** Cottage industry **-doing work from the home such as making cotton 4) ** Puddling **-coke was used to burn away impurities in crude iron 5) ** Socialism **-system in society that owns and controls some means of production 6) ** Conservatism **-based on tradition and social stability 7)** Liberalism **-political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles 8) ** Militarism **-reliance on military strength 9) ** Kaiser **-Russian for emperor 10)** Secede **-withdraw
 * Terms: **



The Cold War was a period of international tension between the USA and the USSR from 1945 to 1989. The Cold War developed for many reasons. First, there was the Yalta Conference where Stalin promised free election in Eastern Europe. Then there was Potsdam where Truman demanded free elections in Eastern Europe, but Stalin wanted a buffer of the Communist states. After that there was the quote, “An iron curtain has descended across the continent,” said by Winston Churchill. The iron curtain was being used to describe the Communist Nations of Europe. The USA and USSR were the leading nations and became super powers, but there governments did not agree with each other and that caused a conflict of interests. The UN or United Nations was used to settle world problems and avoid armed conflicts. The first meeting was held in San Francisco and now New York is the permanent headquarters. The General Assembly was that all member nations must attend meetings; there were a total of 192 member nations. The Security Council was in charge of maintaining world peace and included five permanent members who don’t always have each other’s best interests at heart. There were many important events during the cold war including many documents and committees. First, there was the Soviet Occupation of Eastern Europe which was a buffer zone to the wet. Then, there was the Truman Doctrine which said that the USA would provide help to those who were threatened by communism. Then, there was the Marshall Plan in which the US gave out thirteen billion in US loans. The person in charge of that was George Marshall who was the Secretary of State at the time. To counter these, the USSR came up with COMECON or the Council for Mutual Assistance which was the soviet plan to rebuild Soviet bloc Nations. To counter the Russian’s COMECON, George Kennan also known as the “Father of Containment,” came up with the Policy of Containment, which was designed to keep communism within its boundaries and prevent it from spreading like a virus. To the USA, communism was a “malignant parasite.” Germany was divided into four zones in 1948, with the Soviet Union controlling the East, and the Allies controlling the West. Berlin was located in East Germany and the city was divided, in the Berlin Blockade where the Soviets blocked entrances to Berlin. To oppose this new act the USA and British came up with the Berlin Air Lift where they flew supplies into West Berlin. West Germany became known as the Federal Republic of Germany which was a democratic state, and East Germany became known as the German Democratic Republic which was communist controlled. NATO or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949, and was meant to provide other countries mutual help if attacked. It was a form of “collective security” alliance. Opposite of this was the Warsaw Pact which was the military alliance of Communist Bloc nations. After those two committees were formed the USA and the USSR were off to an arms race. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles or ICBM’s were formed and so was Mutual Deterrence, the ability of the USA and the USSR to destroy each other. After that President Eisenhower came up with Massive Retaliation which was that any Soviet advance in Europe would be taken as an act of war and the USA were counter attack with the full use of nuclear weapons. Finally, the Russian’s beat the USA to space, and after a couple more wars and incidents the war was close to ending. The end of the war started with Mikhail Gorbachev who was the President of the Soviet Union. He came up with the ideas of Glasnost which allowed the freedom of speech to the citizens of the USSR, and Perestroika which started allowing private enterprises back into the USSR’s economy. Lastly, he made military cutbacks. Followed by that was the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989. And after that, the Reunification in 1990 the same year as the Soviet Breakup, happened. The Cold War officially ended in December of 1989; when Gorbachev and the new President George Bush met and declared it. After Gorbachev, Boris Yelstin became the President of the Russian Republic. Vladimir Putin was the president of Russia from 2000 to 2008, he is now called the prime minister.



"USA would support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjegation by armed minoritites or by outside pressures."-- President Truman



__** People: **__ 1)** Winston Churchill **- He was apart on March in the year of 1946 he said an iron curtain has decended acrooss the continent which he ment that for an nickname for communist nations of Europe. 2)** Nikita Khrushchew **- he rulled from the years 1953 to the year 1964 he was the soviet leader after stalins death he came up with a de-stalinzation which is a removal of harsh policies of Stalin's government. 3)** Pres. Richard Nixon **-he was the president of the united states he made an agreement with north Vietnam from USA withdraws forces which he then called it the peace with honor and came vietnamization in the year 1937. 4)** George Kennan **-he was called the father of containment in the year of 1947 he came up the policy of containment which was the U.S. policy keeping communism within its existing boundaries and prevent further soviet aggression. 5)** Youri Gagorin **- On April 12, in the year of 1961 he was the Russian cosmonaut which he is the first man to travel in space the space ship that he traveled in is called the Vostolk 1 and it orbited of 1 hr. and 48 minutes. 6)** pres. Kennedy **- He was the president of the United States and he gave orders for the Bay of pigs invasion but it sadly and eventualy failed. 7)** Mikhail Gorbachev **-He was very much the president of the soviet union and he also rulled from the year 1985 to the year 1991 and he was only that part in the system. 8)** Gary powers **-he was the American U-2 pilot his airplane on May 1st, of the year 1960 got shot down by the USSR and it was the american spy plane and they called it the U-2 incident. 9)** George Marshall **- he was the u.s sec. of state he created the marshall plan on june of the year 1947 it was named after him adn helped economic recovery for war-torn Europe. 10)** Leonid Brezhhes **- he replaced Khrushchev as the soviet leader he also in the years of 1972 to the year of (until the end of his ruling)1982.

Links: 1) [|The Cold War]- This Website has many links to important topics from the Cold War such as the iron curtain, the truman doctrine, and the warsaw pact. 2) [|The Soviet Era]- This website includes different links to different eras of Russia's history, this particular site is of the soviet era which includes Lenin and Stalin and the Cold War. It includes a couple of paragraphs telling what happened during this time. 3) [|Truman Doctrine]- This website explained what happened with the truman doctrine, what it was for, and a couple of quotes from the time about it. 4) [|West Germany]- On the Spartacus School Network it has a couple of Paragraphs about the Federal Republic of Germany, and other parts of the Cold War that dealed with West Germany. 5) [|East Germany]- Also known as the German Democratic Republic, East Germany it had the capital of Berlin, and was connected to the Cold War, the Spartacus School network has a couple of paragraphs about it. 6) [|Tito Obituary]- Josip Broz Tito died in 1980, this is obituary in the New York Times, it includes a lot of what he did during his life, and even has a couple pictures. 7) [|Dean Acheson]- Dean Acheson had many jobs related to Secretary of State this website has an oral interview with him about his opinions about the Cold War. 8) [|The Domino Theory]- This website relates how the Domino Theory affected the United States during the Cold War, it helped concieve the Truman Doctrine, and other doctuments like it. 9) [|Mikhail Gorbachev]-This website contains many things that relate to Mikhail Gorbachev including a timeline and a documentary film about his life. His timeline is very unique, and interesting you can go forward or you can go backwards and see all the jobs he had up to his birth on March 2, 1931. 10) [|Vladimir Putin]- This is a recent document about Vladimir Putin's inauguration and the difficulties that came along with it indluding many protesters who dissapproved of his new election into office. Vladimir Putin was elected as president at the end of the Cold War and has remained there since.

media type="custom" key="17850700" This video is a funny take on the Cold War, it is mostly accurate. I like it mostly because it has some good ways to remember people and ideas during the Cold War.

media type="custom" key="17853162" This video explains more thoroughly what happened between the USSR and USA during the Cold War, and has interesting images to look at while she explain what happened.

