The+West+Between+Wars

Date: 1919-1939 By: Taylor Christensen, Martha Heinrich, and Emily Meyer









**"We have a right to an empire." -- Mussolini**



The Great Depression started on Black Tuesday, specifically on October 29, 1929. Black Tuesday was the day that the US stock market crashed, and since European prosperity was built on US bank loans, Europe, went into a depression too. Britain was mainly unemployed and owed billions of dollars to the USA. France had a lot of destruction from war including 20,000 factories and 6,000 public buildings which caused a lot of extra stress to their economy. Germany started the Weimar Republic from November 1918 to 1934, but they had many problems with unemployment and inflation rates. During this time Fascist Italy was formed by Benito Mussolini. There are four concepts in fascist Italy including: the glorification of the state, anti-communism, anti-democracy, and glorified military sacrifices. The fascist party was formed in 1919 and glorified Ancient Rome. “There is no turning back!” was the fascist slogan. The March on Rome happened on October 29, 1922 which was when the Black Shirts converge on Rome to save the city from the communists. He became Il Duce which means dictator from 1922 to 1945. The Fascist Propaganda said “Mussolini was always right.” Mussolini was one of the leaders that Hitler looked up to on his rise to power. Adolf Hitler or “Der Fuhrer” was the leader from 1933 to 1945. He was born in Austria on April 20, 1889. The Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party was also known as the “Nazi Party” whose symbol was the swastika. Anton Drexler was the founder of the Nazi Party which was formed in 1919 and Hitler joined in 1920. At the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, Nazis rioted in the streets. Hitler claimed “The revolution has begun,” and he was imprisoned for treason. While he was in prison he wrote Mein Kampf which in English means My Struggle which claimed that the Aryan Race was the Master Race. It was also a very Anti-Semitic meaning that it hated the Jews.



__** Terms: **__ 1) ** Depression **-period of low economic activity and rising unemployment 2) ** Collective bargaining **-right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours 3) ** Deficit spending **-to go into debt 4)** Totalitarian state **-government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of citizens 5)** Fascism **-glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government 6) ** Collectivization **-system where private farms were eliminated 7)** Reichstag **-German parliament 8) ** Concentration camps **-large prison camps set up for people who opposed the new regime 9) ** Politburo **-committee that had become the leading policy-making body of the communist party 10) ** New Economic Policy **-modified version of the old capitalist system



__** People: **__ 1) ** Joseph Stalin **- He was callled the man of steel his real name was Dzhugashvili he was a soviet dictator he was in power from the years 1925 to 1953. 2) ** Adolf Hitler **- He was a very convincing ruler he was called the leader from 1933 to 1945 he was born in Austria and joined the nazi party then became the ruler of Germany. 3)** Jesse Owens **- he was and athlete in the olympics he proved that they Aryan race was not the perfect race after all becouse he won. 4) ** Paul Von Hindenburg **- He was a world war 1 hero he was a 2nd president of the weimar republic from the years 1925 to the year of 1934. 5) ** Pu Yi **- he was the last emperor of china they called him the puppet ruler of Manchuko he ruled sense he was little from the years of 1933 to 1945. 6) ** Joseph Goebbels **-he was the minister of propaganda he controled the press, the radio, and all aspects of culture they didnt want people to see. 7) ** Chiong Kai Shek **- he was the president of the republic of China from the years 1928 to the year 1945 he was also the leader of the Chinese Nationalist forces. 8) ** Anton Drexler **- He was the founder of the nazi party that hitler joined in the year of 1920 the nazi's started in the year of 1919. 9) ** Haile Selassia **- he was the emperor of ethopia he also appealed to the league of nations for them to help him out. 10) ** John Mynard Keynes **-he was a british economists in the year 1936 he had deficit spending goverment decided to funded rather than using taxation.



**__Links:__** 1)[|The General Strike]-This website has a virtual newspaper, that has an article about The General Strike in England on May 4, 1926. 2)[|The French New Deal]-This website has an article about the French New Deal, the people that were involved in it and why it was created. 3)[|The Weimar Republic]-This website has an interactive timeline with different dates from the weimar republic, you can also explore the website and find out even more about the weimar republic. 4)[|The Fascist Party]-This is a short article about the fascist movement, started by Mussolini, it also includes a short timeline. 5)[|Kellog-Briand Pact]-This is the document called the Kellog-Briand Pact which was an accord signed by 63 nations and was written by the US secretary of state Frank B. Kellog and French Foreign Minister Anstide Briand. 6)[|Dawes Plan]-This website explains the Dawes Plan a few short paragraphs, it was mainly a plan to help Germany pay for the costs of World War I. 7)[|Fascist Italy]-This website has different parts of life in Fascist Italy explained including what the OVRA was, and the way women were treated compared to men. 8)[|Mein Kampf]-This was Hitler's book that explained his ideals in life, this website has the a version translated into English so that you can read what the Germans were reading. 9)[|Stalin's Purges]-This website explains what Stalin was doing with the Great Purges and some of the background that pertains to it. 10)[|The Night of Long Knives]-This website has a lengthy article about the night of long knives, which was a night Hitler eliminated his opponents, seventy-seven brownshirts were killed for conspiracy.



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