Age+of+Imperialism



Date: 1800-1914 By: Martha Heinrich, Taylor Christensen, and Emily Meyer







" Dr. Livingstone, I persume"--Sir Henry Stanley



The age of imperialism took place from 1800 to 1914. In imperialism one nation in dominated by another nation for economic, political, or social control. In this time it was mainly Africa and Asia being divided up by European powers. There are three different forms of imperialism. The first is colony which is a territory directly controlled by an imperial power. An example of colony imperialism is England’s control of India. The second form of imperialism is the sphere of influence which is when an imperial power claims exclusive investment and trading influence. The only example of this is the United Kingdom and China. The third type of imperialism is protectorate which is when a nation depends on another country for its protection. This was claimed as the reason for the take of many nations during this period, but was not always true. There were also many reasons for imperialism. The first is nationalism which is when nations feel so superior of other nations they think they should try to fix them. The second is political rivalries, so when two countries were rivalries they would go conquer more land so that they could be superior to the nation they were rivaling against. The third was military seaports because they had more a more spread out military they needed more places to stock up there ports so they took over other nations and used their resources. The fourth was economics new markets and raw materials, the materials from the nations being used really helped boost the economy in the ruling nations. The fifth was Social Darwinism which means that superior nations spread civilization to backwards countries. The sixth was population outlets, since populations were rising in Europe the people needed more space to live taking over other nations and living there like the Dutch did in Africa seemed like a good idea. The seventh reason was religious and humanities, the Europeans thought that they should spread the word of God and help make the nations they ruled over more civilized. In the age of imperialism, Britain was big into colonizing and taking over other nations for their resources. They ruled over much of Africa and Asia including China and Egypt. Eventually, Africa became a legally separated nation or Apartheid, which was when the native Africans were discriminated against by the whites who lived there. This all started with the Boer War in 1899 and went to 1902. In the Boer War, England defeated the Boers and gained control of Africa. During the war the English set up concentration camps for the Boers and over 26,000 Boers died. The Union of South America in 1910 was the combination of Cape Colony and the Boer Republics. By 1914, Europe had divided up all of the African states and Liberia and Ethiopia were the only two free African states.



__**Important People from the Age of Imperialism:**__ 1)**__ President Teddy Roosevelt __**- He was the one who negotiated treaty between Russia and japan he won the Nobel peace prize was the president of the United States. 2)** __Muhammad Ali__ **- He was an officer of the ottoman army in the year of 1805 he was the founder of the modern Egypt that we know today. 3)** __Empress Dowager Cixi__ **- She ruled form 1861 to the year 1908, and was a concubine to the emperor. She gave birth to his only son and when the emperor died she become the empress. 4)** __David Livingstone__ **- He was the greatest African explorer from 1841 to 1873. He discovered Victoria Falls in the year 1855 the native name was smoke of thunders. 5) __**Robert Clive**__ - He was the chief official of British east India company. He also drove the French out of India was in the battle of Plassey. 6) __**Commodore Matthew Perry**__ - He was in the year of July 8, 1853. He had the white fleet which was the u.s fleet sailed into edo bay. 7) __**Henry Puyi**__ - He was the last emperor of china in the years 1908 to 1911. He took the throne at age of 2 and the Forbidden City was his prison. 8) __**King Leopold II of Belgium**__ -He was called “the civilizer,” he hired henry Stanley to find Livingstone. He also controlled the exploitation of the Congo. 9) __**Hong Xiuquan**__ - He was called the rebel leader the he was also thought to be the younger brother of Jesus even though he was a long time ago. 10) __**Queen Victoria**__ - She was called the “empress of India” she was in the year 1877 in India she was called the “jewel in the crown”.



1)** Imperialism **-extension of a nation’s power over other lands 2) ** Protectorate **-a political unit that depends on another government for its protection 3) ** Indirect rule **-local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status in a new colonial setting 4) ** Direct rule **-local elites were removed from power and replaced with new officials brought from the mother country 5) ** Annex **-incorporated a country within a state 6) ** Indigenous **-people native to a region of land 7) ** Sepoy **-Indian soldiers hired to protect a company’s interests in a region 8) ** Viceroy **-governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch 9)** Creoles **-descendants of Europeans born in Latin America 10) ** Mestizos **-people of European and Indian descent
 * Terms: **



__**Links:**__ 1) [|Great Trek]= This website has more information about the Great Trek which has to do with the Dutch people moving in Africa. 2) [|Maxim Gun]= This website has a short article about the Maxim Gum, which was the first machine gun that the British created and used to fight the fight the native African people. 3) [|Sphere of Influence]= This article from britannica online has information about the sphere of influence which has to do with international politics. 4) [|VIctoria Falls]= This webite has many interesting facts about Victoria falls such as the height and times of the year that it is at higher and lower depth, plus it has a few amazing photographs. 5) [|Dr. LIvingstone]= This website has a pretty lengthy biography about Dr. Livingstone and his accoplishments of discovering new parts of Africa. 6) [|Social Darwinism]= This wbsite has a definition and a short history of how social darwinism came about. 7) [|zulu empire]= This website has a short biography of the zulu empire and has tons of fun new words for you to try to pronounce. 8) [|The Boer War]= This website has an article which is written in a way that is more modern and easy to understand than most articles about history. 9) [|British East India Company]= This article was written by a professor at brown university, and includes some facts that I did not know like the fact that British East Company was not always called that. 10) [|Black Hole of Calcutta]= THis website has a short afticle about the black hole of calcutta which is a place where europeans were held captive and many of them were killed.



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**__Timeline:__**
 * 1819**=British colony of Singapore founded
 * 1841**=British forces seize island of Hong Kong
 * 1842**=Treaty of Nanjing establishes trade between China and Great Britain
 * 1848**=Mexico loses almost half of its territory to the United States
 * 1854**=Treaty of Kanagawa initiatesUnited States-Japanese relations
 * 1855**=David Livingstone is first European to see Victoria Falls
 * 1860**=Europeans seize Chinese capital of Beijing
 * 1868**=Meiji Restoration begins
 * 1879**=Zulu king meets with British ambassadors
 * 1880**="New imperialism" begins
 * 1884**=France makes the Vietnam Empire a protectorate
 * 1896**=Britain and France agree to maintain Thailand as a buffer state
 * 1898**=The United States defeats Spain for control over teh Philippines
 * 1900**=Virtually all of Southeast Asia is under European rule
 * 1900**=Japan's industrial sector begins to grow
 * 1905**=Sun Yat-sen forms Revolutionary Alliance in China
 * 1910**=Emiliano Zapata leads peasant movement in Mexico
 * 1910**=Japan annexes Korea
 * 1911**=Chinese revolution starts

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