India

By: Emily Meyer, Taylor Christensen, and Martha Heinrich Dates: 1919-2002



"Civil disobedience is the inherent right of a citizen. He dare not give it up without ceasing to be a man"--Gandhi



When Britain created its empire it collected India as one of the countries it ruled over. Queen Victoria or “Empress of India” called India their “Jewel in the crown,” it was the largest English colony. In world war one India fought on the Allies side because England promised them independence for help during the war. In the Rowlett Act of 1919, Britain continued with their special wartime powers in India. On April 13, 1919, many Indians gathered to talk about a resistance without violence; when the Amritsar Massacre occurred many were killed and injured. Brigadier Reginald Dyer is also known as “The Butcher of Amritsar because he ordered his troops to open fire. Mohandas Gandhi had many names like Mahatma which means “Great Soul,” and Bapu which means “father.” He was called these names because he was looked up to by many people as a spiritual and political leader. He was married at the age of thirteen to Kasturba. Later in his life he went to South Africa and became a successful lawyer. He returned to India in 1915 and became a leader in the fight for Indian Independence. Gandhi also came up with the theory of Satyagrana which means “Steadfast Truth.” It included passive or non-violent resistance which, Gandhi thought of as civil disobedience. He didn’t want to use force or violence to achieve goals. A quote that he said is, “Civil disobedience is the inherent right of a citizen. He dare not give it up without ceasing to be a man.” Gandhi’s methods of civil disobedience were boycotts, strikes, sit ins, protest marches, not paying taxes, and fasting. Gandhi finally got what he wanted on August 15, 1945, in the form of the Indian Independence Act which gave India independence from British rule.



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1) ** Mohandas Gandhi **- he was alive from the years 1869 to the year of 1948 he was called the Mahantma which means great soul and he was also called Bapu which means Father he was born oct. 2, 1869 in the Bania( merchant caste). 2)** Mother Tresa **- she was alive from the years of 1910 to they year of 1997 she won the nobel peace prize in the year 1979 and started the missionaries of charity what was made to aid the poor and sick in the world. 3) ** Indira Gandhi **-She was the daughter of Nehru's she was the prime minister from the years 1966 to the year 1983 she was also the first woman to lead in india. 4) ** Jewaharla Nehru **- he was the pandit which means teacher from the years 1947 to the year 1964 he was india's first prime minster he was and Anglo-Indian and made india leader among the Asian nations. 5) ** Queen Victoria **-She was called the Empress of India in india she was also called the jewel in the crown she made and ran the largest english colony. 6) ** Brigadier Reginald Dyer **- he was known as the butcher of Amristar he was the British commander and he also ordered troops to open fire during a war in india. 7) ** Rajiv Gandhi **- he was a prime minister from 1984 to the year 1989 he was the son of indira and he encouraged capitalist econom he was assassinated in the year 1991. 8) ** Lord Mountbatten **- he was a important ruler in the country of India and he was the last viceroy of the country of India. 9) ** Muhammed Ali Jinnah **- He was the leader of the Muslim League which was a creation of a separated Muslim state he said "Islam is in danger". 10) ** Kasturba **- she was the wife of Gandhi he was older then her and they got married when she was only at the age of 13.
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1) [|Biography of Mahatma Ghandhi]- This website has a timeline of Ghandhi's life including his achievements in settling the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims. 2) [|British Rule in India]- This website explains what was going on with the British Rule in India and includes some interesting pictures of flags and what they mean. 3) [|Reginald Dyer]- This website is sort of like a facebook for Reginald Dye, it's called spokeo and it has videos, news, and a timeline, it very interesting and informative. 4) [|India National Congress]- This is the website for the India National Congress, it has their history, president, prime minister, and almost anything else you could want to know about the India National Congress. 5) [|Satyagraha]- This website explains pretty specifically what satyagraha is it includes the code of discipline and the steps of satyaraha. 6) [|The Great Trial of 1922]- This website explains what happened during the Great Trial of 1922, when Ghandhi was charged with tampering with loyalty, the puzzle and its solution, and shaking the mane. 7) [|Muslim League]- This is the official website for the Muslim League it has their history, press releases, and some photos. 8) [|Indian Independence Act]- This website explains the Indian Independence Act, it has a couple of paragraphs explaining it and some historical photos. 9) [|Mother Teresa]- This is an article on the official nobel prize website about Mother Teresa a very charitable lady who received an noble prize for her work. 10) [|Salt March]- This is a short article about the salt march that Ghandhi started to protest the taxes on salt in India.
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